The first hysteroscopy on a human was performed in 1869 by Pantaleoni. Since then things have drastically changed.
Telescopes with specialized lenses, as well as fluids used to expand the endometrial cavity have made hysteroscopy a standard procedure.
After the 1970s, hysteroscopy has developed considerably and is regularly used in the diagnosis and effective treatment of most endometrial diseases.
Hysteroscopy is a method in which a thorough inspection of the uterine cavity is made, and is one of the most reliable ways to diagnose and treat female infertility.
It is a minimally invasive method which requires no incisions.
Short length of the procedure, minimal postoperative pain and quick recovery are the most important advantages of hysteroscopy.
What Is Hysteroscopy?
Hysteroscopy enables us to collect information about the physiology of the endometrial cavity, as well as the quality of the area where an embryo will be implanted. Additionally, it is used to diagnose and treat metrorrhagia, detect polyp, fibroids, adhesions and any inflammation or scarring that might have a negative effect on fertility.
Unexpected metrorhagia is a clear indication requiring hysteroscopy. Abnormal uterine bleeding may be caused by polyp, myoma, or endometrial cancer. Therefore examining the pathology of endometrial cavity is of primary importance so that any chances of malignancy can be ruled out. Moreover, hysteroscopy is by far more efficacious than hysterosalpingography regarding the detection of diseases affecting fertility, such as adhesions, fibroids or a septum.
In addition, operative hysteroscopy is the right method for fibroids type I, II, III removal, endometrial ablation and assessment of the epithelium.
Complications
Hysteroscopy is a very safe method.
There are, however, chances of complications either due to handling of the hysteroscope or as a reaction of the organism to carbon dioxide gas or fluids used as dilators.
Common complications of hysteroscopy include:
- Cervical laceration
- Uterine perforation
- Inflammation
- Hypercapnia
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Hyponatremia